Farming Incomes Up In English Regions

All English regions have seen an increase in their total farm incomes over the past five years according to a statistical release from Defra. Total income from farming in England as a whole increased by 19% and regional increases range from 9% in the South West to 33% in the East Midlands.

Agriculture makes an important contribution to the national economy. It contributed 0.61% to the economy but contributions vary from region to region. At local level the contribution of agriculture to the local economy ranged from 0.17% in the South East to 1.26% in the South West. It contributes least to the local economy in London and the South East.

England can be divided geographically into livestock farming areas in the north and west and arable areas in the south and east. This is reflected in the fact that livestock output was most prominent in the South West and the North West and crops were predominant in the East of England.

In England as a whole, agriculture's contribution to the economy was £7,125m (0.61%) and employed 1.14% of the workforce.

Productivity Up By 1.4%

There has been an increase of 1.4% in whole economy output per worker in the second quarter of 2010 compared with Q2 2009. Output per worker increased by 0.5% quarter on quarter. Unit wage costs increased by 0.3% on last year and 2.4% down on the previous quarter.

GDP Down 1.9%

Preliminary estimates of GDP for the first quarter of 2009 from the Office for National Statistics on GDP by gross value added (GVA) suggest a decline of 1.9% on the last quarter compared with 1.6% the previous quarter. They also suggest it was 4.1% lower than 2008. The index for GDP at market prices was 108.1 and has been in decline for 5 successive quarters.

Production which represents about 18% of the UK economy was down 5.5%, a negative acceleration on 4.5%, driven by manufacturing. Agriculture, which now represents only 1% of the economy, actually grew by 0.3% in Q1 2009. It may only reflect the early estimated output from agriculture from DEFRA. Services, representing 75% of the UK economy, reported a fall of 1.2% drove the decline along with production and construction. It compares with a decline of 0.8% in the previous quarter. Of the total, distribution, hotels and restaurants (15% of the economy) also increased by 1.2% thanks mostly to wholesale and motor trades. Business services and finance, which represents about 30% of the economy, declined by 1.8% in Q1 2009. Five of the eight components of the category declined with 'other business services' (10% of GDP) making the biggest contribution. Government services increased by 0.5% on the quarter and 1% on the year.

The Quarterly National Accounts for Q1 2009 show a fall of 2.4% on the previous quarter revised down from 1.9%. It is 4.9% lower than Q1 2008. The index was 110.9 for GDP at market prices and 101.9 for chained volume measures. The household saving ration was 3% compared with 4% in previous quarter. Real household disposable income fell by 2.4% following a 2.4% rise last year. Household final consumption fell by 1.3% compared to a 1.1% fall in the previous quarter. The volume of spending is 3.1% lower than at the same time in 2008. Both government and households were net borrowers. Financial corporations, private non-financial corporations and public corporations were among the net lenders.

Producer Prices Up And Down

The producer prices output index went up 2.0% on the year to March compared with 3.0% in February. Month on month the rise was 0.1%. Input prices fell by 0.4% annually but have risen 1% since February. Petroleum products have afllen 17.7% since last year while other product groups in the index have risen. Chemical products and transport the biggest risers. Electrical and optical fell during the month to March by 0.6%. The biggest falls in input prices were the crude oil product group by 36.6% over the year to March while fuels were the biggest risers. Fuels prices fell by 5.7% during March while crude oils gained the most by 7.1%.

Business And Economic Indicators

Business and economic indicators are very useful in monitoring and steering a business or an economy. Indices can be developed to monitor almost anything. Some recent figures from various sources may show how they can help give a sense of direction.

UK retail sales fell 1.2% on a like-for-like basis and 0.6% total compared with March last year. Food sales were slightly up. Non-food non-store sales, a part of total sales and an index that includes Internet sales, were 10.8% up on last year. The timing of Easter made comparisons with March last year difficult because Easter was included in last years March calculations (Interpreted from BRC figures) but will be in April's this year.

The CBI's March survey reported that the majority of retailers said year-on-year sales for March were down but that expectations had been higher. They do not expect any improvement next month.

Manufacturing output decreased by 6.5% in February. The Index is at 90.4, 12.2% down on the same p[eriod last year. Between January and February output decreased by 0.9% from revised figures. Falls were mainly in the car industry, metals and machinery industries (Interpreted from ONS figures).

Producer output prices rose by 2% in the year to March 2009. The Index rose 0.1% from February to March 2009. Excluding food and beverages the rise was 3.3% over the year and 0.2% February to March. Input prices fell 0.4% over the year but rose by 1% from February to March 2009. Input prices excluding food and beverages rose by 7.4% in the year to March and 0.2% February to March (Interpreted from ONS figures).

Consumer confidence is increasing gradually. It is the highest since May 2008 and has risen 5 points to -30 according to NOP. It is still well down on March 2008 by 11 points but the recession hadn't taken hold then. Confidence in the general economic situation is up 7 points to -75 but it is still 32 points down on this time last year. Expectations for the next 12 months have increased by 9 points. Consumers are also more confident about saving than last month but again well down on this time last year (Interpreted from the Consumer Confidence Barometer, NOP/GfK).

The Net Rate of Return of UK companies in private non-financial category for Q4, 2008 was 12.8%. The revised estimate for Q3 was 13.7% or down 0.9%. NRR for manufacturing was 8.5% and services 15.8%. The annual net rate of return for 2008 was 13.8%. It compares with 14.8% of 2007. The Net Rate of Return is an indicator of the profitability of a company (An interpretation of ONS figures).

These indicators can tell us about a business or an economy. They may be accurate, they may not but even if not, that might tell us something about the researchers and/or their methodology.