Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) fell by 2% to £27m in 2012 compared with 2011. When adjusting this for inflation R&D expenditure fell by 3%. Since 1985 R&D expenditure has increased by 56% from £17.3bn in 1985 peaking at £27.9bn in 2011.
The business sector contributed 63% of all UK R&D expenditure in 2012. At current prices expenditure decreased by 2% to £17.1% in 2012 compared with 2011. Total expenditure on R&D in the UK in terms of GDP was 1.72%, down from 1.77% in 2011. When UK figures are compared internationally UK R&D is below the EU28 provisional estimate of 2.06% of GDP.
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